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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABBREVIATIONS
CONTENTS
1 Introduction and Objectives
2 Polymer-Supported Reagents: An Overview
2.1. Organic synthesis using polymer supports
2.2. The polymer support
2.3. Solvation behaviour of functionalised polymers
2.4. Nature of the polymer backbone
2.5. Functionalisation of polymer supports
2.6. Characterisation of functional polymers
2.7. Advantages and limitanions of polymer-supported reactions
2.8. Characteristic effects of the polymer matrix on solid phase reactions
2.8.1 Microenviournmental effects
2.8.2 Effect of degree of crosslinking
2.8.3 Effect of spacer handles
2.9. Polymer-supported oxidising reagents
2.10. Polymer-supported halogen containing reagents
2.11. Miscellaneous polymeric oxidising reagents
3 Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. Preparation of cross linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone) s (PVP) -General procedure
3.3. Preparation of cross linked poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) --iodine complexes
3.4. Determination of the capacity of the cross linked poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) iodine complex
3.5. Oxidation and halogenation reactions using cross linked PVP iodine complexes
3.6. Monitoring the course of oxidation reactions
3.7. Investigation of the effect of cross linking on the extent of oxidation
3.8. Effect of solvent
3.9. Effect of molar concentration of the reagent
3.10. Effect of temperature on oxidation reactions
3.11. Effect of time
3.12. Swelling studies of PVP-iodine complexes
3.13. Recycling and reuse
3.14. Preparation of polystyrene sulphonic acid resins
3.15. Estimation of polystyrene sulphonic acid
3.16. Polystyrene sulphonyl chloride
3.17 Estimation of chlorine in polystyrene sulphonyl chloride
3.18. Preparation of polystyrene sulphonamide
3.19 N-chloro-N-sodio polystyrene sulphonamide resin
3.20. N-Bromo-N-sodio polystyrene sulphonamide resin
3.21. Estimation of the capacity of N-halo resins
3.22. Halogenation reactions- general procedure
3.23. Preparation of polystyrene with different cross link densities
3.24. Functionalisation of polystyrene with different cross link densities
3.25. Bromination of aqueous solution of phenol at different time intervals
3.26. Effect of molar excess of the reagent
3.27. Effect of temperature on halogenation of phenol
3.28. Recyclability of the spent reagent
3.29. Thermogravimetry
3.30. 13C-CP MAS NMR
4 Results and Discussion
SECTION A - POLY (VINYL PYRROLIDONE) SUPPORTED REAGENTS
4.1. Poly (vinyl pvrrolidone) -general concept
42. Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) --iodine complexes
4.3. Cross linked poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) - preparation and characterisation.
4.3.1 Preparation and characterisation of DVB-crosslinked PW
4.3.2 Preparation and characterisation of NNMBA-crosslinked PVP
4.3.3 TEGDVE-crosslinked PVP-preparation and characterisation
4.3.4 1, 6-HDODA-crosslinked PVPLpreparation and characterisation
4.3.5 TTEGDA crosslinked PVP-preparation and characterisation
4.4. Preparation of cross linked poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) -iodine complexes
4.5. Characterisation of cross linked PGP-iodine complexes
4.5.I DVEcrosslinked PVP-I complexes
4.5.2 NNMBA-crosslinked PVP-I complex
4.5.3 TTGDVE-crosslinked PVP-l complex
4.5.4 1, 6 HDODA-crosslinked PVP-I complex
4.5.5 TTEGDA-crosslinked PVP-I complex
4.6. Reactions using cross linked poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) -iodine complexes.
4.6.1 Oxidation of alcohols
4.6.2 Halogenation of olefins
4.6.3 Synthetic reactions using PVP-iodine complexes
4.6.4 Selectivity of PW-iodine complexes
4.7 Recyclability of the reagent
4.8. Structure-reactivity correlation of PVP-iodine complexes
4.8.1 Nature of the polymer support
4.8.2 Effect of crosslink density
4.8.3 Effect of solvent
4.8.4 Effect of concentration of the reagent
4.8.5 Effect of temperature on the oxidation reactions
4.8.6 Hfect of time on mctiviiy of WPJ complexes
SECTION B - POLYSTYRENE-SUPPORTED REAGENTS
4.9. Polystyrene-supported N-halosulphonamides
4.9.1 N-haleN-sodio polysityrene sulphonamide resins-preparation andcharacterisation
4.9.2 Synthetic reactions usin!g N-halo-N-sodio polystyrene sulphonamides
4.9.3 E i M of various parameten on the extent of halogenation reaction
4.9.4 Recycling and reuse of the reagent
Summary and Outlook
References