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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • List of Plates
  • I DESIGN OF THE STUDY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
  • REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
  • IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
  • SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE STUDY
  • OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
  • METHODOLOGY
  • COLLECTION OF DATA
  • A. Primary Data
  • Field Work and Data Collection Tools
  • Sample Design
  • STRUCTURE OF SAMPLE DESIGN
  • B. Secondary Data
  • DATA ANALYSIS
  • LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
  • PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY
  • REFERENCES
  • II HISTORY OF ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUMS- A RESUME
  • Orchid
  • Anthurium
  • FLORICULTURE IN INDIA
  • ROLE OF KERALA IN THE INTERNATIONAL CUT FLOWER MARKET
  • 2.1 Floriculture Export from India
  • REFERENCES
  • III ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUMS – THEIR CLASSIFICATIONS, USES, TECHNIQUES OF PROPAGATION, CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION
  • SECTION -I USES OF ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUMS
  • A. Orchids
  • B. Anthuriums
  • SECTION - II CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
  • A. Orchids
  • B. Anthuriums
  • SECTION Ill PROPAGATION AND PHESERVATION
  • PROPAGATION OF ORCHIDS
  • PROPAGATION OF ANTHURIUMS
  • PRESERVATION OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM FLOWERS
  • Preservation of Orchid Flowers
  • 3.1 Details of estimated cost and contents of 1 litre of preservative solution
  • Preservation of Anthurium Flowers
  • REFERENCES
  • IV COST AND PROFITABILITY RELATED ASPECTS OF IN VITRO PROPAGATED ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM PLANTS
  • SECTION - I ANALYSIS OF THE BREAK-UP OF FIXED AND VARIABLE COSTS
  • Fixed Costs
  • 4.1 Details of fixed costs at the laboratory and hardening levels
  • I Break-up of Fixed Costs at the Laboratory and Hardening Levels
  • Variable Costs
  • Cost of Ex-plants
  • Cost of Chemical Component
  • 4.2 Details regarding the Cost of Ex plant Component
  • 4.3 Details of various Chemicals used for the Production of Orchid plants from the Initiation stage to the stage of Rooting
  • 4.4 Calculation of total cost of media (from Initiation to rooting for the in vitro propagation of Dendrobium (Sonia Culture Variety) plantlets in Knudson C Medium
  • 4.5 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Initiation of Orchid plantlet.
  • 4.6 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Regeneration of Orchid plantlet.
  • 4.7 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Multiplication of Orchid plantlet.
  • 4.8 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Elongation of Orchid plantlet.
  • 4.9 Details of various chemicals used for the stage of Rooting of Orchid plantlet.
  • 4.10 Details regarding the various chemicals used for Anthurium production from the Initiation stage to the stage of Rooting
  • 4.11 Calculation of the Total Cost of Media (from Initiation to Rooting) for the in vitro propagation of Anthurium Andreanum Plantlets in Murashige-Scoog Medium
  • 4.12 Details of various chemicals used for the stage of Initiation of Anthurium plantlet.
  • 4 13 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Regeneration of Anthurium plantlet.
  • 4.14 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Multiplication of Anthurium plantlet.
  • 4.15 Details of Various chemicals used for the stage of Elongation of Anthurium plantlet.
  • 4.16 Details of various chemicals used for the stage of Rooting of Anthurium plantlet.
  • 4.17 Details Regarding the Calculation of Cost of Chemicals at Various Stages of in vitro Propagation of Orchid and Anthurium Plants
  • II Break-up of the Cost of Chemicals used at various stages of in vitro propagation of Orchid plantlets
  • III Break-up of the Cost of Chemicals used at various stages of in vitro propagation of Anthurium plantlets
  • 4.18 Details Regarding the Calculation of Cost of Sterilisation in Respect of Orchid and Anthurium Plants
  • 4.19 Details of the Cost of Sterile Water Used at Various Stages of Propagation of Orchid and Anthurium Plants
  • COST OF LABOUR
  • 4.20 Category-wise Details of Employees at the Laboratory and Hardening Level
  • IV Annual Cost of Labour at the Laboratory and Hardening Levels
  • Cost of Electricity Con~ponent
  • 4.21 Details of the Cost of Labour in respect of Orchid and Anthurium plants.
  • 4.22 Details Regarding Calculation of Item-wise Electricity Charges
  • 4.23 Details Regarding Calculation of Cost of Electricity Consumed in the Growth Room and In Respect of Other Equipments (Orchids and Anthuriums)
  • Proportionate Expenses Incurred by Way of Rent
  • Cost of Net Pot
  • Cost of Protray
  • Cost of Nutrients, Fungicides and Pesticides
  • 4.24 Details regarding Proportionate Cost of Net Pot and Protray
  • Cost of Media Used in Net Pot and Container I Vase
  • 4.25 Details Regarding the Calculation of Cost of Nutrients, Fungicides and Pesticides Used in Net Pots and Vases (Orchids and Anthuriums)
  • Cost of Vase I Container
  • 4.26 Details regarding the Calculation of Cost of Media Used in Net Pot and Vases / Container for Orchid and Anthurium plants.
  • SECTION - II ANALYSIS OF THE STAGE-WISE COSTS, MARGINS OF PROFIT ANDBREAK-EVEN POINTS IN RESPECT OF IN VlTRO PROPAGATED ORCHIDAND ANTHURIUM PLANTLETS
  • 4.27 Calculation of the Cost per Orchid plant at various stages of its in vitro Propagation
  • 4.28 Calculation of the Cost per Anthurium plant at various stages of its in vitro Propagation
  • V Comparative Cost per Orchid and Anthurium Plant at Various Stages of their in vitro propagation
  • 4.29 Details Regarding Calculation of the Relative Profitability in respect of Orchid and Anthurium Plants at the Container / Vase Stage of Orchid and Anthurium plants.
  • VI Comparative Cost and Profitability of in vitro propagated Orchid and Anthurium plants
  • V SOCIO -- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND OTHER ASPECTS OF CUT FLOWER GROWERS IN KERALA
  • SECTION - I ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ORCHIDCULTIVATORS IN KERALA
  • 5.1 Occupation-wise classification of Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.2 Educational -wise Classification of Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.3 Classification on the basis of Training Programme undergone by Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.4 Details regarding Sources of Training obtained by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.5 Details Regarding the Sources of Technical Guidance obtained by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.6 Classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Membership in Cut Flower Societies
  • 5.7 Details Regarding the Sources of Getting Motivation for Commercial Cultivation of Orchid Plants
  • 5.8 Classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of their experience in Cut flower cultivation.
  • 5.9 Details Regarding the Time of Involvement in Work by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.10 Details Regarding the Plants Grown by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.11 Range-wise classification on the basis of Number of Orchid Plants Grown
  • 5.12 Area -wise classification of Orchid Cultivation
  • 5.13 Range -- wise Classification on the basis of area under cultivation (Orchid) IN POLY HOUSE
  • 5.14 Range - wise Classification on the basis of area under cultivation (Orchid) IN SHADE HOUSE
  • 5.15 Range-wise classification on the basis of area under cultivation ON TERRACE.
  • 5.16 Range-wise classification of Orchid cultivation (on the basis of area) under SHADY TREES
  • 5.17 Range-wise classification on the basis of area under cultivation of Orchid plants as an intercrop in COCONUT GROVES.
  • 5.18 Details regarding Orchid Plants at various stages of their cultivation
  • 5.19 Location - wise details of Cultivation of Orchid Plants
  • 5.20 Details Regarding the Source of Procurement of Orchid Plants by _the Cultivators
  • VII Sources of Procurement of Orchid Plants
  • 5.21 Details Regarding Types of Plants preferred by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.22 Variety-wise Classifications of Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.23 Ranking of preferences of Orchid Cultivators in the case of Commercial Varieties they prefer.
  • VIII Growers preferences with regard to Various varieties of Orchid
  • I Some of the commercial varieties of Orchids cultivated in Kerala
  • 5 24 Classifications of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Fertilizers Used by them.
  • 5.25 Classifications of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Pesticides or Insecticides Used by them
  • 5.26 Classifications of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Technical assistance for Disease & Pest Management
  • 5.27 Classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Labour utilisation and Employment Generation
  • 5.28 Gender - wise Employment Utilisation in the case of Orchid cultivation
  • 5.29 Range - wise, Gender - wise employment Generation in the case of Orchid cultivation
  • 5.30 Details Regarding Sources of Finance of Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.31 Range Wise classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Funds Utilised [ Own Funds ]
  • 5.32 Range-wise classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Funds Utilised [Borrowed Funds)
  • 5 33 Range-wise classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Funds Utilised [Own funds and Borrowed Funds ]
  • 5.34 Source-wise details regarding Borrowed Funds utilized by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.35 Details of Financial Assistance Received from the Government by the Orchid Cultivators
  • 5.36 Purpose-wise details of Assistance received by Orchid cultivators
  • SECTION - II ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ANTHURIUMCULTIVATORS IN KERALA
  • 5.37 Occupation-wise Classification of Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.38 Education-wise Classification of Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.39 Classification on the basis of Training Programme Under gone by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.40 Details regarding Sources of Training Received by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.41 Details Regarding the Source of Technical Guidance Obtained by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.42 Classification of Anthurium Cultivators on the basis of Membership in Cut-Flower Societies
  • 5.43 Details Regarding the Sources of Getting Motivation for Commercial Cultivation of Anthurium Plants
  • 5.44 Period - wise Classification of Anthurium Cultivation
  • 5.45 Details Regarding the Time of Involvement in Work by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.46 Details Regarding the Plants Grown by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.47 Classification on the basis of Number of Plants Grown by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.48 Area - wise classification of Anthurium Cultivation
  • 5.49 Range - wise Classification of area under cultivation (Anthurium) IN POLY HOUSE
  • 5.50 Range - wise Classification of area under cultivation (Anthurium) IN SHADE HOUSE
  • 5.51 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Age of their Plants
  • 5.52 Details Regarding the Source of Procurement of Plants by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • IX Sources of Procurement of Anthurium Plants
  • 5.53 Details Regarding the Kinds of Plants preferred by the Anthurium cultivators
  • 5.54 Details of the Varieties of Anthurium grown by the Cultivators
  • 5.55 Ranking of preferences of Anthurium cultivators in the case of Commercial Varieties they prefer.
  • X Growers Preferences with regard to various varieties of Anthurium
  • II Some of the commercial varieties of Anthuriums cultivated in Kerala
  • 5.56 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Fertilizers used by them
  • 5.57 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Pesticides or insecticides used by them
  • 5.58 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Technical assistance received by them for Disease & Pest Management
  • 5.59 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Labour utilisation & Employment Generation
  • 5.60 Gender-wise employment generation in the case of Anthurium cultivation
  • 5.61 Range - Wise employment Generation in the case of Anthuriumcultivation
  • 5.62 Details Regarding Sources of Finance obtained by the Anthurium cultivators
  • 5.63 Range Wise classification of Anthurium Cultivators on the basis of Funds utilised [ Own Funds ]
  • 5.64 Range Wise classification of Anthurium Cultivators on the basis of Funds utilised [Borrowed Funds]
  • 5.65 Range -wise classification of Anthurium Cultivators on the basis of Funds utilised [Own funds and Borrowed Funds]
  • 5.66 Source-wise details regarding Borrowed Funds utilised by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5.67 Details of Financial Assistance Received from the Government by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • 5 68 Purpose-wise details of assistance received by the Anthurium Cultivators
  • VI ECONOMIC VIABILITY AND PROFITABILITY RELATED ASPECTS OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM CULTIVATION - AN ANALYSIS
  • SECTION - I AANLYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS OFORCHID CULTIVATION
  • 6.1 Cost of cultivation in the case of Orchid Plants by adopting Alternative methods of cultivation.
  • 6.2 Pay Back Period in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.3 Discounted Pay Back Period in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.4 Post Pay Back Profitability in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.5 Discounted Post Pay Back Profitability in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.6 Net Present Value Method in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.7 Benefit Cost Ratio in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.8 Internal Rate of Return in case of Orchid cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • SECTION - II ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE METHODSANTHURIUM CULTIVATION
  • 6 9 Cost of cultivation in the case of Anthurium Plants by adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.10 Pay Back Period in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.11 Discounted Pay Back Period in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.12 Post Pay Back Profitability in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.13 Discounted Post Pay Back Profitability in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.14 Net Present Value Method in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6 15 Benefit Cost Ratio in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • 6.16 Internal Rate of Return in case of Anthurium cultivators adopting alternative methods of cultivation
  • SECTION - Ill ANALYSIS OF THE NET RETURNS FROM ALTERNATIVE METHODS OFCULTIVATION OF ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUM PLANTS
  • 6.17 Details regarding the monthly net income of various categories of Orchid cultivators adopting different methods of cultivation (after taking the interest on investment)
  • 6.18 Details regarding the monthly net income of various categories of Anthurium cultivators adopting different methods of cultivation (after taking the interest on investment)
  • SECTION - IV ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY RELATED ASPECTS OF ALTERNATIVEMETHODS OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM CULTIVATION
  • 6.19 Table showing the B.E.Ps in respect of alternative methods of cultivation of Orchid Plants
  • 6.20 Table showing the B.E.Ps in respect of alternative methods of cultivation of Anthurium Plants
  • VII MARKETING OF ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUMS
  • SECTION - I PRESENT TRENDS IN FLORICULTURE TRADE
  • MARKETING CHANNELS OF ORCHIDS AND ANTHURIUMS
  • XI Marketing Channels of Orchid and Anthurium flowers
  • 7.1 Details regarding the Intermediaries involved in the Cut flower Trade in Kerala
  • 7.2 Details of Bio-technology Labs in Kerala Table showing the names of the major institutions in Kerala, which have involved in the mass multiplication and marketing of Orchids and Anthuriums.
  • ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING OF ORCHIDS BY THE CULTIVATORS
  • Harvesting of Orchids
  • 7.3 Table showing the names of major institutions in Kerala,
  • Floral Preservation
  • Harvesting and Marketing
  • 7.4 Details Regarding Harvesting Periods of Orchid flowers (Peak Period)
  • 7.5 Range-wise Details Regarding Average Monthly Sale of Orchid Flowers [Peak Period]
  • 7.6 Range-wise Details Regarding Average Monthly Sale of Orchid Flowers [Lean_ Period]
  • 7.7 Range-wise Details Regarding Average Monthly Sale of Orchid plants [Peak Period]
  • 7.8 Range-wise Details Regarding Average Monthly Sale of Orchid Plants [Lean Period]
  • 7.9 Details Regarding Marketing of Orchid Flowers
  • 7.10 Details Regarding Marketing of Orchid plants
  • 7.11 Ranking of Preferences of Orchid cultivators in the case of Sale of Produces in different value-added forms _ 7.12 Ranking of preferences of Orchid cultivators in the case of sale of flowers _
  • XII Various Forms of Value-added Items Marketed by Orchid Cultivators
  • 7.12 Ranking of preferences of Orchid cultivators in the case of sale of flowers
  • XIII Methods of Marketing of Orchid Flowers
  • 7.13 Details regarding the Cultivators who make Sale of Orchids
  • 7.14 Details Regarding the frequency of sale of Orchid Flowers
  • 7.15 Details Regarding the frequency of sale of Orchid Plants
  • 7.16 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of Price Fixers of Orchid Plants
  • 7.17 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of Price Fixers of Flowers
  • 7.18 Ranking of the Factors affecting the Price of Plants marketed by the Orchid cultivators
  • 7.19 Ranking of the Factors affecting the Price of Flowers marketed by the Orchid cultivators
  • XIV Factors determining the Price of Orchid Flowers
  • 7.20 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of Seasonal Variations in marketing their Produce.
  • 7.21 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis o1 Demand for Flowers during Peak Period 7.22 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of Demand for Plants during Peak Period
  • 7.23 Classification of Orchid Cultivators on the basis of Technical Assistances given by them to New Growers
  • 7.24 Details regarding the Types of Technical Assistance Given by the Orchid Cultivators to New Cultivators
  • 7.25 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of Average Net Income from Cultivation
  • Grading of Orchid Flowers
  • Packing of Orchid Flowers
  • Storage of Orchid Flowers
  • ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING OF ANTHURIUMS BY THE CULTIVATORS
  • Harvesting of Anthurium flowers
  • Floral Preservation
  • 7.26 Details Regarding Harvesting Periods of Anthurium flowers (Peak Period)
  • 7.27 Details Regarding Harvesting Periods of Anthurium flowers (Lean Period)
  • 7.28 Range-wise Details Regarding Average Monthly Sale of Anthurium Flowers [Peak Period]
  • 7.29 Range-wise Details regarding Average Monthly Sale of Anthurium Flowers [Lean Period]
  • 7.30 Range-wise Details regarding Average Monthly Sale of Anthurium Plants [Peak Period]
  • 7.31 Range-wise details regarding Average Monthly Sale of Anthurium Plants [Lean Period]
  • 7.32 Details Regarding Marketing of Anthurium Flowers
  • 7.33 Details Regarding Marketing of Anthurium Plants
  • 7.34 Ranking of Preferences of Anthurium cultivators in the case of Sale of Produces in different value-added forms
  • XV Various Forms of Value-added items Marketed by Anthurium Cultivators
  • 7.35 Ranking of preferences of Anthurium cultivators in the case of sale of flowers
  • XVI Methods of Marketing of Anthurium Flowers
  • 7.36 Details regarding the Anthurium Cultivators who make Sale at Regular Basis
  • 7.37 Details Regarding the frequency of sale of Anthurium Flowers
  • 7.38 Details Regarding the frequency of sale of Anthurium Plants
  • 7.39 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Price Fixers of Plants
  • 7.40 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Price Fixers of Flowers
  • 7.41 Ranking of the. Factors affecting the Price of Plants marketed by the Anthurium cultivators
  • 7.42 Ranking of the Factors affecting the Price of Flowers marketed by the Anthurium cultivators
  • XVII Factors Influencing the Price of Anthurium Flowers
  • 7.43 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Seasonal Variations in marketing their Produce 7.44 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Demand for Flowers of Anthurium in Peak Period
  • 7.45 Classification on the basis of Demand for Plants of Anthurium in Peak Period
  • 7.46 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Technical Assistance given by them to New Cultivators
  • 7.47 Details regarding the Types of Technical Assistance Given by Anthurium cultivators to New Cultivators
  • 7.48 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Average Monthly Net Income from Anthurium Cultivation
  • Grading of Anthurium Flowers
  • Packing of Anthurium Flowers
  • 7.49 Details regarding European Grades and Standards of Anthurium flowers.
  • 7.50 Details regarding American Grades and Standards for Anthurium flowers
  • Storage of Anthurium Flowers
  • Transportation
  • SECTION - II WORLD CONSUMPTION AND TRADE IN FLORICULTURE
  • A. World Market for Cut Orchids
  • European Markets for Orchids
  • Asian Markets for Orchid
  • B. World Market for Anthuriums
  • US Market for Anthuriums
  • European Market for Anthurium
  • Asian Market tor Anthurium
  • EXPORTS OF CUT FLOWERS FROM INDIA
  • World Trade
  • Floriculture Export from lndia
  • 7.51 Trends in the Direction of Export of Floriculture Products from India from 1998-99 to 2000-01
  • 7.52 Trends in the Direction of Export of Floriculture Products from India from 1998-99 to 2000-01
  • REFERENCES
  • VIII PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CUT FLOWER INDUSTRY IN KERALA
  • SECTION - I PROBLEMS FACED BY THE BIOTECHNOLOGY LABS IN KERALA
  • A. PRODUCTION PROBLEMS OF BIO -TECHNOLOGY LABS IN KERALA
  • B. MARKETING PROBLEMS OF BI0 -TECHNOLOGY LABS IN KERALA
  • SECTION - II PROBLEMS FACED BY THE GROWERS OF CUT FLOWERS IN KERALA
  • A. PRODlJCTlON PROBLEMS OF CUT FLOWER GROWERS IN KERALA
  • i. Production Problems of Orchid Growers in Kerala
  • 8.1 Classification of Orchid cultivators on the basis of their Production Problems
  • 8.2 Preference-wise classification of Orchid growers on the basis of Problems faced by them during their cultivation period.
  • XVlll Production Problems of Orchid Growers in Kerala
  • 8.3 Preference-wise classification of major diseases affected to the Orchid plants. Rank-wise, Preference-wise classification of Orchid
  • 8.4 cultivators on the basis of major pests / insects affected their plants.
  • ii. Production Problems of Anthurium Growers in Kerala
  • 8.5 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of their Production Problems
  • 8.6 Preference-wise details of Anthurium growers on the basis of problems faced by them during their cultivation period
  • XIX Production Problems of Anthurium Cultivators in Kerala
  • 8.7 Rank-wise details of Anthurium Cultivators in the case of Major Diseases affecting their plants.
  • 8.8 Rank-wise details of Anthurium Cultivators in the case of Major Insects / Pests affecting their plants.
  • B. MARKETING PROBLEMS OF CUT FLOWER GROWERS IN KERALA
  • i. Marketing Problems of Orchid Cultivators
  • 8.9 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of their Production Problems
  • 8.10 Details regarding the ranking of the Marketing Problems faced by the Orchid cultivators
  • XX MarketinnProblems of Orchid Growers in Kerala
  • ii. Marketing Problems of Anthurium Growers
  • 8.11 Classification of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of Marketing Problems Faced by them
  • 8.12 Rank-wise details of Anthurium cultivators on the basis of the marketing problems faced by them
  • XXI Marketing Problems of Anthurium Growers in Kerala
  • SECTION - Ill PROBLEMS FACED BY CUT FLOWER TRADERS IN KERALA
  • SECTION - IV FUTURE PROSPECTS OF CUT FLOWER INDUSTRY IF1 KERAL.4
  • IX FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • A. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS:
  • B. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • POLICY IMPLICATIONS
  • APPENDICES
  • APENDIX - I GENERAL INFORMATION
  • APPENDIX - lI CACULATION OF TOTAL FIXED EXPENSES
  • APPENDIX - IIIPROCEDURt FOR MEDIA PRkPAHAT13N LIST OF CHEMICALS USED FOR THF PREPARATION OF MEDIA ATDIFFERENT STAGES OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM PLANTS AND COST OF MEDIAPER FLASK AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM PUNTS
  • APPENDIX - IV CALCULATION OF CHEMICAL COST OF STERILiSAlION, DISINFECTANTS USED FOR SURFACE STERILISATIONOF PLANT MATERIAL AND DETAILS REGARDING THE PROCEDURE OF SURFACE STERILISATION
  • APPENDIX - V COST OF LABOUR1; 0MIu1 ATiON Oi LdST OF LABOUR
  • APPENDIX - VI CALCULATION OF C051 OF LLECTRICITYA. CLACULATION OF PROPOHIIONATE EL tCTl4ICITY CHAH (; ES
  • APPENDIX - VII CALCULATION OF THE PHOPOHTlONATt COST OF NET POTS AND PORTRAY AND DETAILS OF CALCULATIONOF COST OF NUTRIENT ANU OTHER PESTICIDES USED IN NET POT AND VASE l PLASTIC CONTAINER ANDCOST OF PLASTIC CONTAINERS
  • APPENDIX - Vlll DETAILS REGARDING THE CALCLJLATION OF TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS AT EX-AGAR. NET POT AND VASEIPLASTIC CONTAINER STAGE OF ORCHID AND ANTHURIUM PLANTS
  • APPENDIX - IX DETAILS OF COMPARATIVE L, OS~ OF ORCHII) PI ANTS BY ADOPTING ALTERNATIVE METHODS BY THESMALi MtDlUM AND LARGE-SCALE GROWERS
  • APPENDIX - X CALCULATION OF REVENUE FROM VARIOUS METHODS OF CULTIVATION ADOPTED BY THE ORCHID CULTIVATION
  • APPENDIX - XII CALCULATIONS PER1 AININC. TC) rHE ASSESSMEN1 Ok THE FINANCIAL VtABlLtTY OF VARIOUS METHODS OFORCHID LJLTIVATION
  • APPENDIX - Xlll CALCULATION OF THt COS1 OF LULTlVATlON FOR THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF CULTIVATION USED BYTHE ANTHURIUM GROWERS IN KERALA (SMALL MEDIUM AND LARGE-SCALE CULTIVATORS) ARE ASFOLLOWS
  • APPENDIX - XV CALCULATION OF THE VARIABLE COSTS INCURRE[J FOR DIFFERENT METHODS OF CULTIVATION ADOPTEDBY THE ANTHURIUM GROWERS IN KEHALA (SMALI. MEDIUM AND LARGE-SCALE CULTIVATORS) AND THECOMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY
  • APPENDIX - XVI CALCULATIONS PERTAINING TU T t i t ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF VARIOUS METHODS OFANTHUHIUM CULTIVATION
  • APPENDIX - XlX CALCULATION OF BREAK-EVEN POINTS OFVARIOUS METHODS OF CULTIVATION ADOPTED BY THE ANTHURIUM GROWERS IN THE STATE OF KERALA (SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE-SCALE CULTIVATORS) ARE AS FOLLOWS
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY