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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF TEXT FIGURES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF PLATES
  • SECTION I - ECOLOGICAL AND PHYTOGRAPHIC STUDIES
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • SECTION I - ECOLOGICAL AND PHYTOGRAPHIC STUDIES
  • SECTION II - BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
  • 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • 2.1. Vegetation analysis
  • 2.2. Seed germination and reproductive capacity
  • 2.3. Leaf Architecture
  • 2.4. Epidermal aspects
  • 2.4.1. Stomatal lndex
  • 2.4.2. Palisade ratio
  • 2.5. Medicobotanical aspects of the taxa investigated
  • 1. Field view of five species of Sida
  • 2. Field view of taxa investigated
  • 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
  • 3.1. Quadrat study
  • 3.2. Basal area
  • 3.3. Soil testing
  • 3.4. Seed germination and reproductive capacity
  • 3.5. Root system
  • 3.6. Foliar Features
  • 3.6.1. Clearing of the leaves
  • 3.6.2. Epidermal aspects
  • 3.6.3. Stornatal size
  • 3.6.4. Stornatal lndex
  • 3.7. Statistical tools adopted
  • I.A Details of specimens used for research
  • I.B List of associates studied
  • 4 OBSERVATIONS
  • 4.1. Ecological Studies
  • 4.1.1. Vegetation analysis
  • 2. Distribution pattern of taxa studied
  • 3. Distribution of different taxa in site -I
  • 4. Data of RF, RD, RDo & IV I of four taxa of site -I
  • 5. Distribution of different taxa in site - II
  • 6. Data of RF, RD, RDo & IV I of six taxa of Site -II
  • 7. Distribution of different taxa in site - III
  • 8. Data of RF, RD, RDo & I V I of five taxa of Site- III
  • 9. Distribution of different taxa in site - IV
  • 10. Data of RF, RD, RDo & IV I of eight taxa of Site - IV
  • 1. Phytograph of.S. retusa
  • 2. Phytograph of S. cordifolia
  • 3. Phytograph of S. rhombifolia
  • 4. Phytograph of S.acute
  • 5. Phytograph of S. retusa
  • 6. Phytograph of S. rhombifolia
  • 7. Phytograph of S. acuta
  • 8. Phytograph of T. rhomboidea
  • 9. Phytograph of U. lobata
  • 10. Phytograph of U.sinuata
  • 11. Phytograph of S. retusa
  • 12. Phytograph of S. acuta
  • 13. Phytograph of U.. lobata
  • 14. Phytograph of U. sinuata
  • I5. Phytograph of T rhomboidea
  • 16. Phytograph of S. retusa
  • 17. Phytograph of S. cordifolia
  • I8. Phytograph of S. acuta
  • 19. Phytograph of.S. veronicaefolia
  • 20. Phytograph of U. lobata
  • 2I. Phytograph of U. sinuata
  • 22. Phytograph of T. rhomboidea
  • 23. Phytograph of G. microcos
  • 24. Pie diagram showing relative density of plants of site -I
  • 25. Pie diagram showing relative density of plants of site -II
  • 26. Pie diagram showing relative density of plants of site - III
  • 27. Pie diagram showing relative density of plants of site - IV
  • 4.1.2. Soil analysis
  • 11. Data of soil moisture content
  • 12. Data of soil analysis
  • 4.1.3. Germination
  • 4.1.4. Seed output and reproductive capacity
  • 13. Data of embryo viability
  • 14. Data of percentage of germination under different conditions
  • 15. Data of effect of conc. H2SO4 scarification for different duration (in minutes) on germination (%)
  • 16. Data of seed output and reproductive capacity of the taxa investigated
  • 28. Bar chart showing mean reproductive capacity and germination percentage of the selected taxa
  • 29. Bar chart showing seed viability and germination percentage in pretreated (Conc. H2SO4) seeds
  • 30 Bar chart showing percentage of seed viability and germination under laboratory conditions
  • 3. Embryo viability of the taxa under study
  • 4. Photograph showing germination
  • 4.2. Phytographic Studies
  • 4.2.1. Description of the taxa
  • 1. Habit of the taxa studied
  • A. S. acuta
  • B. S.retusa
  • C. S. rhombifolia
  • D. S. cordifolia
  • 2. Habit of the taxa studied
  • A. S veronicaefolia
  • B..A . indicum
  • C. U lobata
  • D. U. sinuata
  • 3. Habit of the taxa studied
  • A. G. microcos
  • B. T rhomboidea
  • 4.2.2. Root system
  • 4. Root system of the taxa investigated
  • 1. S.rhombifolia
  • 2. S.retusa
  • 3. S acuta
  • 5. Root system of the taxa investigated
  • 1. S. cordifolia
  • 2. S. veronicaefolia
  • 3.A. indicum
  • 4. U. lobata
  • 6. Root system of the taxa investigated
  • 1. U. Sinuata
  • 2.T rhomboidea
  • 3. G.microcos
  • 4.2.3. Foliar Features
  • 4.2.3.1. Leaf architecture
  • 17. Data of qualitative features of leaf
  • 18. Data of foliar features of the taxa studied
  • 19. Analysis of variance in respect of Stomatal Index
  • 20. Multiple pairwise comparisons of Stomatal Index of ten taxa
  • 4.2.3.2. Stomatal Index
  • 4.2.3.3. Size of the stomata
  • 5. Venation pattern of the taxa investigated
  • 21. Data of size of stomata of the taxa investigated
  • 22. Analysis of variance in respect of stomatal size
  • 23. Multiple pairwise comparisons of stomatal size
  • 31. Mean and confidence interval of length and breadth of stomata
  • 7. Morphology of fruits and seeds
  • 8. Lower epidermal cells and stomata of five species of Sida
  • 9. Lower epidermal cells and stomata of species of Abutilon, Urena, Triumfetta and Grewia
  • 4.2.3.4. Palisade ratio
  • 24. Palisade ratio of the taxa investigated
  • 25. Analysis of variance in respect of palisade ratio
  • 26. Multiple pairwise comparisons of palisade ratio
  • 32. Mean and confidence interval of palisade ratio of selected taxa
  • 5. DISCUSSION
  • 5.1. Vegetation analysis
  • 5.2. Soil analysis
  • 5.3. Seed germination
  • 5.4. Seed output and reproductive capacity
  • 5.5. Root system
  • 5.6. Foliar features
  • 5.6.1. Leaf architecture
  • 5.6.2. Stomatal lndex
  • 5.6.3. Size of the stomata
  • 5.6.4. Palisade ratio
  • 33. Bar chart showing Stomata] Index of selected taxa
  • SECTION II - BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
  • 6. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2 Review of literature
  • 6.3. Materials and methods
  • 6.4. Observations
  • 6.5. Discussion
  • 27. Effect of the methanolic extract of plant materials on oxygen derived free radical generation
  • 28. Data of superoixde radical scavenging of Sida retusa
  • 29. Data of superoxide radical scavenging of Urena lobata
  • 30. Data of superoxide radical scavenging of Triumfetta rhomboidea
  • 31. Data of hydroxyl radical scavenging of Sida retusa
  • 32. Data of hydroxyl radical scavenging of Urena lobata
  • 33. Data of hydroxyl radical scavenging of Triumfetta rhomboidea
  • 34. Data of lipid peroxidation inhibition Sida retusa
  • 35. Data of lipid peroxidation inhibition Urena lobata
  • 36. Data of lipid peroxidation inhibition Triumfetta rhomboidea
  • 34. Bar chart showing IC 50 off. retusa, U. lobata and.T. rhomboidea
  • 7. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
  • 8. REFERENCES