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  • TITLE
  • DEDICATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • LIST OF NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
  • CONTENTS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Objectives of the present work
  • 1.3 Organisation of the thesis
  • References
  • 2. CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Methods of peptide synthesis-an overview
  • 2.3 Strategy and tactics in SPPS
  • 2.4. Boc versus Fmoc-chemistry
  • 2.5 Peptide bond formation
  • 2.6 Purification and characterisation
  • 2.7 Solid-phases in SPPS
  • 2.8 Problems in SPPS
  • 2.8.1 Polymer matrix effect
  • 2.8.2 Difficult sequences
  • 2.9 Side reactions in SPPS
  • References
  • 3. EXPERIMENTAL
  • 3.1. Materials and methods
  • 3.2. Purification of solvents
  • 3.3. Preparation of crosslinked polymers
  • 3.3.1 BDDMA-crosslinked polystyrene
  • 3.3.2 DVB-crosslinked polystyrene
  • 3.4. Swelling studies
  • 3.5. Preparation of variously functionalised BDDMA-PS
  • 3.5.1 Reagents for functionalisation
  • 3.5.2 Functionalisation of BDDMA-PS
  • 3.6. Preparation of amino acid derivatives and reagents for SPPS
  • 3.7. General methods adopted for SPPS
  • 3.7.1 Attachment of carboxy terminal amino acid to the support
  • 3.7.2 Estimation of degree of amino acid incorporation
  • 3.7.3 N
  • 3.7.4 Coupling procedures
  • 3.7.5 Cleavage of peptide from the support
  • 3.7.6 Purification of the crude peptides
  • 3.7.7 Characterisation of the peptides
  • 3.7.8 Monitoring the coupling reactions
  • 3.8. Synthesis of model tripeptides
  • 3.8.1 Synthesis of Val-Ala-Gly
  • 3.8.2 Synthesis of Ala-Ala-Ala
  • 3.8.3 Synthesis of Gly-Ala-Val
  • 3.8.4 Synthesis of Ala-Val-lle
  • 3.8.5 Synthesis of Gly-Phe-Leu
  • 3.8.6 Synthesis of Gly-Ala-Pro
  • 3.8.7 Cleavage of peptides from BDDMA-PS
  • 3.8.8 Characterisation
  • 3.9. Synthesis of p-structured model difficult sequence peptides on2 mol% BDDMA-PS and DVB-PS supports
  • 3.9.1 C-terminal amino acid anchoring to the support
  • 3.9.2 Peptide chain assembly
  • 3.9.3 Cleavage of peptides (i) to (vii) from BDDMA-PS support
  • 3.9.4 Purification of the peptide
  • 3.9.5 Characterisation of peptides
  • 3.9.6 Synthesis of peptides (i) to (vii) on DVB-PS support
  • 3.10. Synthesis of model hydrophobic peptides
  • 3.10.1 Synthesis of decapeptide corresponding to the chemotacticdomain of elastin
  • 3.10.2 Synthesis of bombyx-A fragments
  • 3.10.3 Synthesis of CKS- 17 fragment (6- 17)
  • 3.10.4 Synthesis of pamyloid plaque protein fragment (33-42)
  • 3.11. Synthesis of difficult sequence peptides
  • 3.11.1 Synthesis of ACP (65-74) fragment on BDDMA-PS and Merrifield support, DVB-PS
  • 3.11.2 Synthesis of D-AIa17 analogue of human gonudofropin releasinghormone precursor protein fragment (14-36)
  • 3.11.3 Synthesis of HIV- 1 asaprtyl protease (80-99) fragment
  • 3.12. Synthesis of biologically active peptides
  • 3.12.1 Synthesis of Leu[51]-enkephalin
  • 3.12.2 Synthesis of delta sleep inducing peptide
  • 3.12.3 Synthesis of C3-pepfide in volved in cell-proliferation regulation
  • 3.12.4 Synthesis of CKS- 17
  • 3.12.5 Synthesis of [Thr]3 [Thr]17 [Ser]11-galanine (1-19) analogue
  • 3.12.6 Synthesis of chromostatin
  • References
  • 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • 4.1. Preparation and characterisation of 1.4-butanediol dimethacrylate crosslinked polystyrene (BDDMA-PS)
  • 4.2. Swelllng studias of BDDMA-PS
  • 4.3. Functionalisation of BDDMA-PS
  • 4.4. Stability of the polymer (BDDMA-PS)
  • 4.5. Polymer morphology
  • 4.6. Synthesis of model tripeptides
  • 4.7. Synthesis of model difficult sequence peptides on BDDMA-PS and DVB-PS: A conelation between coupling difficulty and nature of the support
  • 4.8. Synthesis of hydrophobic peptides
  • 4.8.1 A decapeptide corresponding to the chemotactic domain of elastin
  • 4.8.2 Synthesis of a decapeptide corresponding to the Bombyx-A fragment (1 9-28)
  • 4.8.3 Synthesis of [Val24] [Pro28] Bombyx-A fragment (19-28)
  • 4.8.4 Synthesis of CKS- 17 fragment (6- 17)
  • 4.8.5 Synthesis of β-amyloid protein (33-42) fragment on PEG400 grafted copoly (styrene-2% BDDMA) support
  • 4.9. Synthesis of difficult sequence peptides
  • 4.10. Synthesis of biologically active peptides
  • 4.10.1 Synthesis of Leu[5]-enkephalin
  • 4.10.2 Synthesis of delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP)
  • 4.10.3 Synthesis of C3-peptide involved in the cell proliferation regulation
  • 4.10.4 Synthesis of CKS- 17
  • 4.10.5 Synthesis of [Thr14] [Thr191 galanine fragment (1 - 19)
  • 4.10.6 Synthesis of chromostatin
  • 4.11. Conclusion
  • References
  • 5. CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESIN BOUND PEPTIDES
  • References
  • 6. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK