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Title
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
List of tables
List of figures
List of abbreviations
List of appendices
1 Introduction
1.1 Content of the study
1.1.1 Demographic context
1.1.2 Social context
1.2 Need for the present investigation
1.3 Need for the family life satisfaction inventory
Family life satisfaction - Definition
1.4 Statement of the problem
1.5 Definition of terms
Adjustment
Correlates
Old age
Living arrangement
1.6 Aim and objectives of the study
1.7 Hypotheses
Living arrangement and the six measures of adjustment
Gender and the six measures of adjustment
Age and the six measures of adjustment
Location of Residence and the six measures of adjustment
lncorne and the six measures of adjustment
Education and the six measures of adjustment
Family life satisfaction and the six measures of adjustment
Beliefs and the six measures of adjustment
Belief in God
Belief in religion
Belief in moral character
Counselling intervention
1.8 Methodology in brief
1.9 Scope of the study
1.10 Limitations of the study
1.11 Format of the report
2 Theoretical overview
2.1 Aging: concepts and definitions
2.1.1 Biological aging
2.1.2 Psychological aging
2.1.3 Sociological aging
2.1.4 Aging as old age
2.2 Theories of aging
2.2.1 Biological theories of aging
2.2.1.1 Genetic theories
DNA damage theory (Cellular genetic theories)
Error theory
2.2.1.2 Non Genetic theories
Wear and Tear theory
Accumulation theory
Free radical theory
Cross linkage theory
Physiological theories
Stress theory
Immunological theory
Homeostatic imbalance theory
2.2.2 Social Theories of aging
Disengagement theory
Activity theory
Continuity theory
Other social theories
2.2.3 Psychological theories of aging
Life span development theories
2.3 Aging in relation to family support
2.4 Aging in relation to family relationship
2.5 Aging in relation to living arrangement
2.6 Adjustment: Concepts, definitions and terminologies
Definitions
Different terms related to adjustment
2.7 Adjustment in relation to aging
2.7.1 Adjustment (developmental) tasks of old age
2.7.2 Patterns of adjustment to aging
2.8 Intervention: Towards adjustment in old age
Supportive counselling
lnsight oriented counselling
Life review and reminiscence counselling
Logo therapy
Peer counselling
Grief counselling
3 Review of related research
3.1 Relationship between family correlates and adjustment of the elderly
3.1.1 Relationship between lving arrangement, marital status, family type and adjustment of the elderly
3.1.2 Relationship between family relationships and adjustment of the elderly
3.2 Relationship between socio-demographic factors and adjustment of the elderly
3.3 Relationship between religiosity, spirituality and adjustment of the elderly.
3.4 Researches on counselling intervention with the elderly
4 Methodology
4.1 Design of the study
4.2 Locale of the study
4.3 Sample and sampling procedure
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Sampling procedure
Selection of the sample for intervention
4.4 The tools
Description of the tools
Schedule for socio-demographic and background information
Adjustment inventory
Concept Interpretations
Home adjustment (A)
Social Adjustment (B)
Emotional Adjustment (C)
Self Adjustment (D)
Health Adjustment (E)
Reliability and validity
Mathew materialism-spiritualism scale
Score Interpretations
Reliability and validity
Family life satisfaction inventory for the elderly
Preliminary stage
Sub-scales: Description
Sample
Administration of the inventory
Scoring
ltem analysis and ltem selection
Reliability
Validity
4.5 Administration of the tests
4.6 Scoring and processing of data
Adjustment inventory
Mathew materialism-spiritualism scale
Family life satisfaction inventory for the elderly
4.7 Statistical techniques
1. Analysis of variance
2. Test of least significance difference (LSD)
3. Paired t test
4.8 The approach adopted for counselling intervention
5 Analysis and disscussion
5.1 Plan of analysis
5.1.1 Suitability of ANOVA test
5.1.2 Terminology in relation to Statistical Significance and Living arrangement
5.2 Results and discussion
5.2.1 Relationship between socio - demographic variables and the six measures of adjustment
5.2.1.1 Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to self-adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and age in relation to health adjustment
5.2.1.2 Living arrangement, Gender and location of residence in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to self-adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and location of residence in relation to health adjustment
5.2.1.3 Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to self-adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to health adjustment
5.2.1.4 Living arrangement, gender and education in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to education adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to self-adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and income in relation to health adjustment
5.2.2 Relationship between family life satisfaction and the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to self adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and family life satisfaction in relation to health adjustment
5.2.3 Relationship between beliefs and the six measures of adjustment
5.2.3.1 Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to self adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in god in relation to health adjustment
5.2.3.2 living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to self adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in religion in relation to health adjustment
5.2.3.3 Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character inrelation to the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to general adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to home adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to social adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to emotional adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to self-adjustment
Living arrangement, gender and belief in moral character in relation to health adjustment
5.2.4 Effect of counselling intervention
5.2.4.1 Effect of counselling intervention on the six measures of adjustment
5.2.4.2 Effect of counselling intervention on the four measures of family life satisfaction
5.2.5 Observations in relation to counselling the elderly
6 Summary and conclusions
6.1 The study in retrospect
6.2 Summary of findings and tenability of hypotheses
6.2.1 Living arrangement and the six measures of adjustment
Living arrangement and general adjustment
Living arrangement and home adjustment
Living arrangement and social adjustment
Living arrangement and emotional adjustment
Living arrangement and self-adjustment
Living arrangement and health adjustment
6.2.2 Gender and the six measures of adjustment
Gender and general adjustment
Gender and home adjustment
Gender and social adjustment
Gender and emotional adjustment
Gender and self-adjustment
Gender and health adjustment
6.2.3 Age and the six measures of adjustment
6.2.4 Location of residence and the six measures of adjustment
6.2.5 Income and the six measures of adjustment
6.2.6 Education and the six measures of adjustment
6.2.7 Family life satisfaction and the six measures of adjustment
6.2.8 Beliefs and the six measures of adjustment
Belief in God
Belief in religion
Belief in moral character
6.2.9 Effect of counselling intervention on the elderly
6.3 Observations in relation to counselling the elderly
1. Needs in relation to home adjustment and family life satisfaction
2. Needs in relation to social adjustment
3. Needs in relation to emotional and self adjustment
4. Needs in relation to health adjustment
6.4 Important conclusions
6.5 Suggestions
6.6 Suggestions for future research
References
APPENDICES